INTRODUCTION:
Tuberculosis occurs world wide the most specific test is the positive bacterial culture of a patient’s sample. This is cumbersome and time consuming. X-rays, smears for AFB and Tuberculin tests though comparatively rapid are not conclusive. Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme widely distributed in mammalian tissues, particularly in T Lymphocytes. Increased levels of ADA are found in various forms of tuberculosis making it a marker for the same. Though ADA is also increase in various infectious diseases like infectious mononucleosis, Typhoid, Viral Hepatitis, initial stages of HIV, and in case of malignant tumors, the same can be rule out clinically.
PRINCIPLE:
The ADA assay is based on the enzymatic deamination of adenosine to inosine which is converted to hypoxanthine by purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). Hypoxanthine is then converted to uric acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) by xanthine oxidase (XOD) H2 O2 is further reacted with N-Ethyl-N-(-2-Hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-3-methylaniline (EHSPT) and 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) in the presence of peroxidase (POD) to genderate quinine dye which is monitored in a kinetic manner.
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