INTRODUCTION:
Normal levels of glucose produce a normal amount of glycated hemoglobin. As the average amount of plasma glucose increases, the fraction of glycated hemoglobin increases in a predictable way. The test is limited to a three-month average because the lifespan of a red blood cell is four months (120 days). However, since RBCs do not all undergo lysis at the same time, HbA1c is taken as a limited measure of 3 months. In diabetes mellitus, higher amounts of glycated hemoglobin, indicating poorer control of blood glucose levels, have been associated with cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy.
PRINCIPLE:
The percentage of HbA1c in whole blood can be directly determined by utilizing the interaction of antigen and antibody. Total hemoglobin and HbA1c have the same unspecific absorption rate to Latex particles. When we add mouse antihuman HbA1c monoclonal antibody (containing Multiple subunits), “Latex--HbA1c--mouse antihuman HbA1c monoclonal antibody--HbA1c--Latex” complex is formed. The amount of this complex is proportional to the amount of HbA1c absorbed on to the surface of latex particles. The amount of agglutination is measured as absorbance. The HbA1c value is obtained from a calibration curve.
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