INTRODUCTION
Urea is the major end product of protein nitrogen metabolism in humans. It is synthesized in liver as a by-product of the de-amination of amino acids. Its elimination in the urine represents the major route for nitrogen excretion. It constitutes the largest fraction of the non protein nitrogen component of the blood. Consequently, the circulating levels of urea depend upon protein intake, protein catabolism and kidney function. Elevated urea levels can occur with dietary changes, diseases that impair kidney function, liver diseases, congestive heart failure, diabetes and infections.
PRINCIPLE
Urea is hydrolyzed to ammonia and carbon dioxide by urease. Ammonia produced in this reaction reacts with α-Ketoglutarate to form Glutamate in the presence of Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GLDH). NADH is oxidized to NAD in this reaction which is measured as decrease in absorbance at 340 nm. The rate of decrease in absorbance at 340 nm is directly proportional to UREA / BUN concentration in specimen.
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